Data & Signal Surge Protectors
Power surges occur when there is a sudden increase of voltage sent through a power system from an internal or external force. Such forces can be caused by lightning strikes, electrical overload, faulty wiring or utility switching. Surge protection devices provide a line of defense against power surges preventing irreparable damage to equipment and costly downtime.
Communication or signal lines that enter or exit a building are at the highest risk of power surge transients being induced onto the interconnecting signal lines. Surge protection devices should be installed at the point-of-entry or at the equipment termination itself. They must be designed to clamp the excess transient voltage to safe levels sustainable by the equipment while at the same time, not interfere with the normal signaling voltages. To accomplish this, the protective circuits usually combine fast-responding, low-capacitive suppressor diodes with gas discharge tubes.
Gas discharge tubes dissipate voltage transients through a contained gas. They have high insulation resistance plus low capacitance and leakage, to ensure minimal effect on normal operation of equipment. The line current rating of the surge protection device needs to be sufficient to handle the maximum expected signaling current and the bandwidth must be sufficient to allow correct operation of the system without adverse attenuation. The final choice of surge protection device will then be determined by the type of physical connection, the number of lines to be protected and the surge rating.
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FAQs
Does a DC surge protector provide multi stage protection?
A DC surge protector can provide multi-stage protection, but it depends on the specific model and type of surge protector. Some DC surge protectors may only provide basic protection, while others may have multiple stages of protection, such as voltage clamping, filtering, and thermal protection.
Does a DC surge protector provide transient protection?
Yes, a DC surge protector provides transient protection by suppressing or diverting transient voltage spikes that occur in DC circuits. These transient voltage spikes, also known as surges, can be caused by lightning strikes, electrostatic discharge, or switching transients in the circuit.
Surge Protection Basics
What causes power surges?
Lightning strikes are one of the most common causes of power surges and can affect an electrical system even if the strike occurs miles from the electrical source. Conductors buried underground can still transmit the energy of the strike to electrical equipment located indoors. Lightning rods and other grounding equipment can help, but do not completely eliminate the risk.
Switching equipment such as motors, transformers and other equipment can cause a sudden change in load, power loss and disconnection of circuit breakers. This sudden switching can cause overvoltage, leading to power surges. The closer the switching occurs to the electrical system, the more threat it will pose to the equipment.
Operations that a user performs can cause surges, but typically have a very short duration. Examples include: starting a motor, opening circuit breakers and welding equipment.
What is the best way to stop power surges?
By using transient surge suppressors, the problems associated with most transient surges can be eliminated. They provide protection by either blocking or shorting the voltage over its operating limit to ground, protecting circuits downstream of the suppressor. The best way to approach this is in tiers.
Tier 1 – The protection is closest to the incoming power source. This is the main protection for a particular location.
Tier 2 – This is in an area that will be protecting multiple devices that have branch protection. An electrical control panel would be an example of this type of application.
Tier 3 – Individual protection. In the case of an industrial control panel, this would be protection for each instrument entering the panel.