Soft Starters
Soft starters control the starting current and torque of electric motors. These common devices reduce the rapid flow of current that occurs whenever an electric motor begins to run. This helps protect not just the motor but all connected equipment from voltage spikes and other forms of overheating, which can lead to equipment failure or even fires.
The soft start of a motor occurs when the voltage supplied to it increases in a ramp-like fashion during startup, usually over several seconds. This takes the sharp edge off the starting current and torque that would otherwise be present, were the 480-volt (or whatever the voltage may be), full wave applied directly to a developing situation. Starting this way helps with protection of both the motor and other equipment that may be nearby.
Picking a motor soft starter is essential and necessitates attention to the unique demands of each application, like the motor voltage and current ratings. Consider also the maximum starting torque and acceleration times needed for your application, as well as environmental conditions that may be extreme, in order to ensure continued reliable operation of your motor. You might be surprised at how diverse the applications are that use soft starters—from pumps to compressors to conveyor systems and various kinds of machinery.
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FAQs
Is there a difference in torque control voltage and maximum speed in electrical soft starters versus mechanical soft starters?
Yes, electrical soft starters provide more precise control over torque and voltage, and allow for adjustable maximum speeds, whereas mechanical soft starters generally offer less precise control and fixed maximum speeds.
Is motor speed and voltage control of a soft starter affected by a variable frequency drive?
Yes, motor speed and voltage control of a soft starter can be influenced by a variable frequency drive (VFD), which provides more advanced and precise control over these parameters compared to a soft starter alone.
Do most soft starter models have silicon controlled rectifiers?
Yes, most soft starter models utilize silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) to control the voltage applied to the motor during startup.
Motor Starters, Soft Starters and VFDs
Motor Starters
Motor starters safely start and stop a motor in industrial applications. They are designed with a contactor, overload and circuit protection. They are used when basic motor control is required, where torque on the motor is not a concern and speed control is not needed. The advantages of motor starters include: lower cost, allows for remote operation, allows for monitoring of motor state (with the use of auxiliary contacts) and they are safe and efficient. The disadvantages include: high inrush current that can cause fuses to blow and breakers to trip if the inrush is too high, and the starter will allow a full torque to start the motor which can cause the motor to ramp up to full speed very quickly potentially causing the motor to wear and degrade prematurely.
Soft Starters
Soft starters protect motors from inrush current by gently ramping up the motor to full speed. They provide all of the same functions as a traditional motor starter. The advantages of soft starters include: they are less expensive than a VFD when only startup control is needed, they are a smaller system than a VFD where space is a concern and they prevent unwanted torque upon startup, prolonging the life of the motor. The disadvantages include: they are more expensive than a traditional motor starter and they do not allow for full speed control.
VFDs
Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) allow for the slow ramp up of a motor during startup and the slowing down of the motor during shutdown. They also allow for full speed control during the entire run cycle of the motor. VFDs provide the same functions as both the traditional motor starters and soft starters. The advantages of VFDs include: full speed control (start, stop and in-between), more custom control and monitoring, energy savings due to efficient motor usage and less wear and tear on the motors. The disadvantages include: they are more expensive and larger than other motor control options and they generate heat that may require fans or AC units.