Protection Relays
Protection relays are essentially monitoring devices that keep a watchful eye over the electrical circuits and equipment, such as transformers, generators, and transmission lines. They detect abnormal conditions, like short-circuits or overloads, and take necessary actions to mitigate these problems. The primary action typically involves sending a signal to breakers to disconnect the faulty section from the rest of the system. This action prevents further damage, possible blackouts, or safety hazards.
The principle behind the operation of relays is based on the measurement of electrical quantities like current, voltage, frequency, and sometimes temperature. Depending on these measurements, a relay can determine whether the system is operating within safe parameters or not.
There are different types of protection relays, and they can be categorized based on their function, construction, or operating mechanism. For instance, there are distance relays that operate depending on the impedance between the relay location and the fault point, differential relays that function by comparing the difference between input and output electrical quantities, and overcurrent relays that respond to excessive currents.
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